| Japanese gardens are a traditional form of landscape design based on harmony between humans and nature. Minimalism and naturalism are two important principles of Japanese garden design. Minimalism emphasizes simplicity, limited elements and open spaces, while naturalism uses natural forms, asymmetry and organic arrangements. The present study examined major garden elements such as rocks, water, plants, gravel, pathways and open spaces using a descriptive and qualitative approach. The study found that these elements are carefully selected and arranged to create natural-looking, peaceful and balanced landscapes. Japanese garden principles also have potential for sustainable and modern landscape design.
Keywords: Japanese garden, Minimalism, Naturalism, Asymmetry, Sakuteiki, Landscape design
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