| Monuments of Haryana date back to around 16-18th century are large masonry structures built using burnt-clay bricks (lakhauri) and lime-crushed bricks aggregate (surkhi) mortars. These monumental buildings have great importance due to their identity of transferring old era information to the present and future generations. In recent years, the alterations in natural environment of Haryana state negatively affected the monumental buildings. Climate related deteriorations on the monumental buildings resulted from temperature differences, water movement in the buildings due to capillary action, abrasive effects of rain water, salt and chemicals involved in water, particles carried by wind and air pollution etc. Among these, rainwater serves as a chemical agent for many geological processes and geo-chemical changes of the environment. The rainwater analyses help to reveal the chemical state of the environment in which historical structure is situated. The rainwater attributes depend on the concentrations of anionic as well as the cationic species. The ionic concentrations in rainwater of Haryana showed following order for anions SO42- > NO3- > Cl- > HCO3- > F- while cations showed Ca2+ > Mg2+ > NH4+ > K+ ≥ Na+. The sources of these ions were soluble components of the soil-derived and anthropogenic aerosols dissolve in the cloud column during cloud formation and subsequent rain formation. Ionic constituents influence the pH of rainwater. |